Feb 16, 2023 · DEA's position on the legal status of delta-8 and -9 THC-O came following an inquiry by attorney Rod Kight. DEA sent a response on February 13, highlighting that Delta-8 and -9 THCO do not occur ... Legality. Delta-8 THC, short for delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol, is a chemical found in the cannabis (AKA marijuana) plant. It's a psychoactive substance, but it is considered less psychoactive than other components of cannabis, such as delta-9 THC. Because it naturally occurs only in very small doses, it's usually manufactured from CBD.Jul 8, 2021 · Another reason for Delta-8’s growing popularity is that, unlike heavily regulated THC, Delta-8 is legal to use in most states. That’s because it’s extracted mostly from hemp-derived CBD ... 3 Delta-8 THC has psychoactive and intoxicating effects. Delta-8 THC has psychoactive and intoxicating effects, similar to delta-9 THC (i.e., the component responsible for the “high” people may experience from using cannabis). The FDA is aware of media reports of delta-8 THC products getting consumers “high.”. Delta-8 THC is legal in Nebraska. The state exempts hemp-derived products, including delta-8 THC, from its list of controlled substances. New Jersey. Delta-8 THC is legal in New Jersey. The state legalized recreational marijuana in 2021 and hemp-derived products like delta 8 are also legal. New Mexico. Delta-8 THC is legal in New Mexico.Apr 29, 2023 · Since delta-8 THC is sourced from hemp, and not marijuana, it is legal and unregulated at the federal level. The 2018 farm bill legalized hemp, cracking open an industry with offshoots in... Mar 2, 2023 · Yes. Delta-8 THC is currently legal in Kansas under state law. You can possess, consume, distribute, sell, and produce delta-8 THC products with no fear of legal consequences. However, on December 2nd, 2021, Kansas State Attorney General released a statement that ignited the cannabis community. He claimed that delta-8 THC is illegal when sold ... Mar 26, 2023 · You do not need a medical card to purchase delta 8 THC in Pennsylvania. Since CBD is a fully legal substance, there is no special identification needed. The state does have a minimum age for CBD consumption of 18 years old. Delta 8 THC is made from CBD, and therefore the same minimum age also applies to these products. Oct 21, 2021 · Delta-8 was thought to be made legal in Texas nearly two years ago after Gov. Greg Abbott signed House Bill 1325 legalizing any hemp product with less than 0.3% THC. Legality. Delta-8 THC, short for delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol, is a chemical found in the cannabis (AKA marijuana) plant. It's a psychoactive substance, but it is considered less psychoactive than other components of cannabis, such as delta-9 THC. Because it naturally occurs only in very small doses, it's usually manufactured from CBD.Apr 11, 2023 · Why Delta-8 THC is Federally Legal The 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp products on the federal level but also created a loophole that allows for hemp-derived delta-8 THC. Since the bill defines hemp as cannabis with a maximum of 0.3% delta-9 THC and makes no mention of delta 8, hemp-derived delta-8 products are legal. Sep 16, 2022 · As of now, delta-8 THC is legal only if it's derived from hemp, which has naturally low levels of delta-9 THC. Even though delta-8 is legal federally, there are many states that have begun ... Delta-8 THC is a newly popular weed compound that's quasi-legal. The cannabinoid is less potent than regular THC, but it can still get you high. More research is needed to determine whether delta-8 could be used for medical benefits. Get the inside scoop on today’s biggest stories in business, from Wall Street to Silicon Valley — delivered ... Feb 15, 2021 · Delta-8 is legal by federal law, but state hemp laws vary. In order for Delta-8 to be legal in a state, the state must have legalized hemp using a definition similar to the federal definition. State law must also remove hemp derivatives from it’s list of Controlled Substances. Most states have taken the steps necessary to legalize Delta-8 ... Delta-8 THC absolutely gets you high, but since the source product is hemp, Delta-8 products remain federally legal —and can be found in smoke shops, novelty stores, bodegas, gas stations and ...Reason #1 that interest in delta-8 products is surging is its existence in a legal grey area: Delta-8 can be made from hemp. Thanks to the 2018 farm bill, cannabis with less than 0.3% THC is ...Apr 11, 2023 · Why Delta-8 THC is Federally Legal The 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp products on the federal level but also created a loophole that allows for hemp-derived delta-8 THC. Since the bill defines hemp as cannabis with a maximum of 0.3% delta-9 THC and makes no mention of delta 8, hemp-derived delta-8 products are legal. Jan 5, 2022 · Delta 8 THC is legal in the state of Georgia. Georgia follows the same ruling as the federal government — allowing the sale of delta 8 THC products as long as they’re made from hemp and contain no more than 0.3% of the delta 9 THC isomer. With a valid medical license, the limit is increased to 5% delta 9 THC. Mar 26, 2023 · You do not need a medical card to purchase delta 8 THC in Pennsylvania. Since CBD is a fully legal substance, there is no special identification needed. The state does have a minimum age for CBD consumption of 18 years old. Delta 8 THC is made from CBD, and therefore the same minimum age also applies to these products. Jun 22, 2023 · Legality. Delta-8 THC, short for delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol, is a chemical found in the cannabis (AKA marijuana) plant. It's a psychoactive substance, but it is considered less psychoactive than other components of cannabis, such as delta-9 THC. Because it naturally occurs only in very small doses, it's usually manufactured from CBD. Jun 13, 2022 · The sudden popularity of hemp-derived delta-8 THC was largely a surprise, driven by media reports that it allows for a “legal high.” Delta-8 THC products have quickly become a popular ... Apr 14, 2021 · Reason #1 that interest in delta-8 products is surging is its existence in a legal grey area: Delta-8 can be made from hemp. Thanks to the 2018 farm bill, cannabis with less than 0.3% THC is ... Feb 3, 2022 · Delta-8 THC is a related but slightly different molecule—an isomer of delta-9 THC, meaning its chemical formula is identical but has molecules arranged in a different way. Delta-8 THC is legal in Nebraska. The state exempts hemp-derived products, including delta-8 THC, from its list of controlled substances. New Jersey. Delta-8 THC is legal in New Jersey. The state legalized recreational marijuana in 2021 and hemp-derived products like delta 8 are also legal. New Mexico. Delta-8 THC is legal in New Mexico.Key takeaways: Delta-8 THC is a chemical found in cannabis with similar effects to traditional (delta-9) THC. Because delta-8 THC is similar to delta-9 THC, it can make you feel high and is likely to show up on a drug test. Delta-8 THC is federally legal, but it isn’t regulated. So delta-8 THC products can contain residual chemicals and other ...Jan 3, 2023 · November 8, 2021: The court granted Hometown Hero’s application for a temporary injunction. As a result, delta-8 is not classed as a controlled substance and businesses can legally sell hemp-derived delta-8 with less than 0.3% THC. This injunction lasts until the conclusion of the final trial of this case. The discovery and presence of Delta-8 THC in cannabis plants are what helped the industry strike the balance. With Delta-8 THC, you can get a bit high, but without the drastic and adverse risks that Delta-9 THC poses. So, if the Delta-8 THC is extracted from natural hemp, the effects will be milder than marijuana-extracted Delta-8 THC. Two camps have emerged as to the legal status of Delta-8 THC, and other hemp isomers, that are similar to Delta-9 THC (the concentration of which determines whether a plant is considered hemp or ...Jun 13, 2022 · The sudden popularity of hemp-derived delta-8 THC was largely a surprise, driven by media reports that it allows for a “legal high.” Delta-8 THC products have quickly become a popular ... Jan 4, 2022 · Of the 18 states that have banned or restricted delta-8 products, many have legal marijuana. Those states can regulate and control what goes into the legal cannabis products. For the most part ... Sep 16, 2022 · As of now, delta-8 THC is legal only if it's derived from hemp, which has naturally low levels of delta-9 THC. Even though delta-8 is legal federally, there are many states that have begun ... Aug 13, 2023 · For now, delta-8 THC is federally legal if it’s derived from hemp (cannabis with low delta-9 THC levels). But some states are starting to ban or regulate this cannabinoid. Here’s the latest look (updated on May 26, 2023) at the delta-8 laws of each state and an interactive legality map. Feb 13, 2021 · If hemp has the delta 9 THC within then this must be below 0.3%. So, in theory, delta 8 THC is not covered by this federal bill. Some people think this is effectively a legal loophole. Like most cannabis laws, there is a lot of variation from state to state, so you need to check the local laws on the use of the substance. Jul 1, 2022 · The other is its legal status. Delta-8’s rise started with the passing of the 2018 Farm Bill, which made hemp legal. Hemp and marijuana are both types of cannabis plants, but marijuana... Legality. Delta-8 THC, short for delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol, is a chemical found in the cannabis (AKA marijuana) plant. It's a psychoactive substance, but it is considered less psychoactive than other components of cannabis, such as delta-9 THC. Because it naturally occurs only in very small doses, it's usually manufactured from CBD.Currently, delta-8 THC is legal at the federal level, but it’s not legal in every state. Delta-9 THC is illegal at the federal level but legal recreationally and/or for medical use in several ...The confusion stems from the 2018 farm bill, which legalized hemp.Hemp and marijuana are both cannabis plants, but hemp refers to a cannabis plant that contains 0.3% or less of delta-9 THC, the ...Apr 26, 2021 · The short answer is that delta-8-THC is legal for the same reasons that you’ve seen an explosion in CBD products over the last couple of years: The 2018 farm bill finally allowed industrial hemp ... Delta-8 THC absolutely gets you high, but since the source product is hemp, Delta-8 products remain federally legal —and can be found in smoke shops, novelty stores, bodegas, gas stations and ...Sep 23, 2022 · That’s because a 2018 federal law legalized hemp, a variety of the cannabis plant. Hemp isn’t allowed to contain more than 0.3% of the psychotropic delta-9 THC found in marijuana. The concerns about delta-8 are largely focused on how it’s made. Delta-8 is typically produced by dissolving CBD — a compound found in cannabis plants — in ... Apr 10, 2023 · Nevada Delta-8 THC Laws. Even though both hemp and recreational cannabis are legal in Nevada, the state decided to ban delta 8 and other hemp-derived forms of THC. Nevada passed Senate Bill 49 on June 4, 2021. The bill closed the loophole that allows for hemp-derived delta 8 THC through four specific changes: May 23, 2022 · Delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol ― aka delta-8 THC ― is a psychoactive compound that is present in the cannabis plant. It is an isomer ― in other words, a minor chemical variant ― of delta-9 THC, which is commonly known as just THC. “Delta-9 is highly concentrated in marijuana flowers while delta-8 has a very low concentrations in ... Jun 3, 2023 · Currently, hemp-derived Delta 8 THC products are legal in Alabama. This means, there are no federal or state restrictions on the use, possession, purchase, or sale of Delta 8 in Alabama. Keep in mind, rules and regulations are always changing and there have been attempts to ban Delta 8 in Alabama. Mar 2, 2023 · Yes. Delta-8 THC is currently legal in Kansas under state law. You can possess, consume, distribute, sell, and produce delta-8 THC products with no fear of legal consequences. However, on December 2nd, 2021, Kansas State Attorney General released a statement that ignited the cannabis community. He claimed that delta-8 THC is illegal when sold ... Jul 12, 2023 · Delta-8-THC is legal on the national level because it’s made from hemp. Hemp products were made federally legal in 2018, provided they contain no more than 0.3% of delta-9 THC. But the law didn’t say anything about other types of THC. Manufacturers figured out they can use a chemical isomerization process to make delta-8 THC from hemp ... The confusion stems from the 2018 farm bill, which legalized hemp.Hemp and marijuana are both cannabis plants, but hemp refers to a cannabis plant that contains 0.3% or less of delta-9 THC, the ...Feb 16, 2023 · DEA's position on the legal status of delta-8 and -9 THC-O came following an inquiry by attorney Rod Kight. DEA sent a response on February 13, highlighting that Delta-8 and -9 THCO do not occur ... Feb 8, 2023 · Key takeaways: Delta-8 THC is a chemical found in cannabis with similar effects to traditional (delta-9) THC. Because delta-8 THC is similar to delta-9 THC, it can make you feel high and is likely to show up on a drug test. Delta-8 THC is federally legal, but it isn’t regulated. So delta-8 THC products can contain residual chemicals and other ... Jul 12, 2021 · The answer is a qualified yes, but not in all states, and probably not for long. The legality of Delta-8 THC is part of the murky, constantly evolving story about the legality of all types of ... 3 Delta-8 THC has psychoactive and intoxicating effects. Delta-8 THC has psychoactive and intoxicating effects, similar to delta-9 THC (i.e., the component responsible for the “high” people may experience from using cannabis). The FDA is aware of media reports of delta-8 THC products getting consumers “high.”. Oct 21, 2021 · Delta-8 was thought to be made legal in Texas nearly two years ago after Gov. Greg Abbott signed House Bill 1325 legalizing any hemp product with less than 0.3% THC. Apr 14, 2021 · Reason #1 that interest in delta-8 products is surging is its existence in a legal grey area: Delta-8 can be made from hemp. Thanks to the 2018 farm bill, cannabis with less than 0.3% THC is ... Delta-8 THC is a newly popular weed compound that's quasi-legal. The cannabinoid is less potent than regular THC, but it can still get you high. More research is needed to determine whether delta-8 could be used for medical benefits. Get the inside scoop on today’s biggest stories in business, from Wall Street to Silicon Valley — delivered ... Sep 28, 2022 · Thanks to a legal loophole in the 2018 Farm Bill, delta 8 and 10 THC are becoming increasingly popular. Although delta 8 and delta 10 THC can cause intoxication, they are less restricted in ... Jun 3, 2023 · Currently, hemp-derived Delta 8 THC products are legal in Alabama. This means, there are no federal or state restrictions on the use, possession, purchase, or sale of Delta 8 in Alabama. Keep in mind, rules and regulations are always changing and there have been attempts to ban Delta 8 in Alabama. Delta-8 THC absolutely gets you high, but since the source product is hemp, Delta-8 products remain federally legal —and can be found in smoke shops, novelty stores, bodegas, gas stations and ...Jul 12, 2023 · Delta-8-THC is legal on the national level because it’s made from hemp. Hemp products were made federally legal in 2018, provided they contain no more than 0.3% of delta-9 THC. But the law didn’t say anything about other types of THC. Manufacturers figured out they can use a chemical isomerization process to make delta-8 THC from hemp ... Mar 3, 2023 · Delta-8 benefits. People are most familiar with delta-9 THC (delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol), the main psychoactive compound in cannabis that gives you that euphoric high when you use marijuana ... Apr 29, 2023 · Since delta-8 THC is sourced from hemp, and not marijuana, it is legal and unregulated at the federal level. The 2018 farm bill legalized hemp, cracking open an industry with offshoots in... Apr 29, 2023 · Since delta-8 THC is sourced from hemp, and not marijuana, it is legal and unregulated at the federal level. The 2018 farm bill legalized hemp, cracking open an industry with offshoots in... Jun 3, 2023 · Delta 8 THC is gaining interest for its euphoric, relaxing, and stimulating effects. There’s lots to know about Delta 8 THC, including its legal status in states like Tennessee. In this article we will break down what exactly Delta 8 THC is, whether or not it is legal in Tennessee, and lastly, how to select high-quality Delta 8 THC products. Apr 8, 2021 · As with CBD and CBD products, the legality of Delta-8 THC and Delta-8 THC products varies from state to state. While many states have adopted the federal definition of “hemp,” which expressly ... Delta-8 is federally legal in states that have adopted the specific language outlined in the 2018 farm bill. Can you buy Delta-8 THC products legally? Yes, with passage of the 2018 Farm Bill you ... Jun 23, 2023 · Delta 8 THC derived from hemp is regulated in Minnesota. There’s a cap of 5 mg of any THC per serving or 50 mg of any THC per package. This includes delta 8 and 9 THC. As for other hemp-derived products, Minnesota clarified that these should contain no more than 0.3% THC. Minnesota also legalized marijuana for adult use on May 30, 2023. Jun 28, 2021 · Delta-8 THC is legal in many states, but some want to ban it The psychoactive compound found in the cannabis plant is unregulated at the federal level, thanks to a loophole in the 2018 farm... Two camps have emerged as to the legal status of Delta-8 THC, and other hemp isomers, that are similar to Delta-9 THC (the concentration of which determines whether a plant is considered hemp or ...Feb 13, 2021 · If hemp has the delta 9 THC within then this must be below 0.3%. So, in theory, delta 8 THC is not covered by this federal bill. Some people think this is effectively a legal loophole. Like most cannabis laws, there is a lot of variation from state to state, so you need to check the local laws on the use of the substance. Inhaling Delta-8. D-8 products come in all shapes and sizes, and you can easily find: Delta-8 vape juice; Delta-8 disposables; Delta-8 gummies; Delta-8 tinctures, and more. But before you buy Delta-8 products, you should be aware that different methods of consumption can have different effects on your body and mind. Even in states where marijuana is outlawed, a loophole in federal drug law is allowing the sale of "Delta 8" products, a substance made by isolating a type of THC in the hemp plant that...Jun 23, 2023 · Delta 8 THC derived from hemp is regulated in Minnesota. There’s a cap of 5 mg of any THC per serving or 50 mg of any THC per package. This includes delta 8 and 9 THC. As for other hemp-derived products, Minnesota clarified that these should contain no more than 0.3% THC. Minnesota also legalized marijuana for adult use on May 30, 2023. Feb 8, 2023 · Key takeaways: Delta-8 THC is a chemical found in cannabis with similar effects to traditional (delta-9) THC. Because delta-8 THC is similar to delta-9 THC, it can make you feel high and is likely to show up on a drug test. Delta-8 THC is federally legal, but it isn’t regulated. So delta-8 THC products can contain residual chemicals and other ... 3 Delta-8 THC has psychoactive and intoxicating effects. Delta-8 THC has psychoactive and intoxicating effects, similar to delta-9 THC (i.e., the component responsible for the “high” people may experience from using cannabis). The FDA is aware of media reports of delta-8 THC products getting consumers “high.”. Sep 23, 2022 · That’s because a 2018 federal law legalized hemp, a variety of the cannabis plant. Hemp isn’t allowed to contain more than 0.3% of the psychotropic delta-9 THC found in marijuana. The concerns about delta-8 are largely focused on how it’s made. Delta-8 is typically produced by dissolving CBD — a compound found in cannabis plants — in ... Key takeaways: Delta-8 THC is a chemical found in cannabis with similar effects to traditional (delta-9) THC. Because delta-8 THC is similar to delta-9 THC, it can make you feel high and is likely to show up on a drug test. Delta-8 THC is federally legal, but it isn’t regulated. So delta-8 THC products can contain residual chemicals and other ...Currently, delta-8 THC is legal at the federal level, but it’s not legal in every state. Delta-9 THC is illegal at the federal level but legal recreationally and/or for medical use in several ...The confusion stems from the 2018 farm bill, which legalized hemp.Hemp and marijuana are both cannabis plants, but hemp refers to a cannabis plant that contains 0.3% or less of delta-9 THC, the ...The discovery and presence of Delta-8 THC in cannabis plants are what helped the industry strike the balance. With Delta-8 THC, you can get a bit high, but without the drastic and adverse risks that Delta-9 THC poses. So, if the Delta-8 THC is extracted from natural hemp, the effects will be milder than marijuana-extracted Delta-8 THC.
Jun 13, 2022 · The sudden popularity of hemp-derived delta-8 THC was largely a surprise, driven by media reports that it allows for a “legal high.” Delta-8 THC products have quickly become a popular ... . Sony rmt tx100u
The discovery and presence of Delta-8 THC in cannabis plants are what helped the industry strike the balance. With Delta-8 THC, you can get a bit high, but without the drastic and adverse risks that Delta-9 THC poses. So, if the Delta-8 THC is extracted from natural hemp, the effects will be milder than marijuana-extracted Delta-8 THC. Apr 8, 2021 · As with CBD and CBD products, the legality of Delta-8 THC and Delta-8 THC products varies from state to state. While many states have adopted the federal definition of “hemp,” which expressly ... Feb 27, 2023 · Delta-8 THC products are legal at the federal level as long as they contain no more than 0.3% delta-9 THC by dry weight. However, individual states can implement local restrictions on delta-8 THC. This novel cannabinoid is technically legal in Mississippi — but the law is a little bit murky. Let’s dive into it. Apr 11, 2023 · Although delta-8 THC is illegal in Alaska, the laws in Alaska are quite confusing. On the one hand, adult cannabis use is legal, which means cannabis products can be purchased by anyone 21 years of age or older. Despite this, Alaska considers all tetrahydrocannabinols (forms of THC) Schedule IIIA controlled drugs, which means they’re illegal. May 23, 2022 · Delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol ― aka delta-8 THC ― is a psychoactive compound that is present in the cannabis plant. It is an isomer ― in other words, a minor chemical variant ― of delta-9 THC, which is commonly known as just THC. “Delta-9 is highly concentrated in marijuana flowers while delta-8 has a very low concentrations in ... Feb 3, 2022 · Delta-8 THC is a related but slightly different molecule—an isomer of delta-9 THC, meaning its chemical formula is identical but has molecules arranged in a different way. May 2, 2023 · Under state and federal law, delta-8 THC is legal to purchase, use, possess, distribute, sell, and produce in the State of Ohio. Medical marijuana is also legal with some restrictions — delta-8 found naturally in medical marijuana is technically legal too. You can purchase hemp-derived delta-8 products online and in retail stores. Jan 5, 2022 · Delta-8-THC, sometimes called "weed light," is openly being sold across Wisconsin in gummies, vape pens and pre-rolled joints. ... Weed gummies in states where Delta-9-THC is legal, like Illinois ... Currently, delta-8 THC is legal at the federal level, but it’s not legal in every state. Delta-9 THC is illegal at the federal level but legal recreationally and/or for medical use in several ...The confusion stems from the 2018 farm bill, which legalized hemp.Hemp and marijuana are both cannabis plants, but hemp refers to a cannabis plant that contains 0.3% or less of delta-9 THC, the ...Jun 28, 2021 · Delta-8 THC is legal in many states, but some want to ban it The psychoactive compound found in the cannabis plant is unregulated at the federal level, thanks to a loophole in the 2018 farm... Aug 13, 2023 · For now, delta-8 THC is federally legal if it’s derived from hemp (cannabis with low delta-9 THC levels). But some states are starting to ban or regulate this cannabinoid. Here’s the latest look (updated on May 26, 2023) at the delta-8 laws of each state and an interactive legality map. Jan 19, 2023 · Yes. As of right now, delta-8 THC is legal in Massachusetts. The state aligns with the provisions laid out by the 2018 Farm Bill, which legalized hemp and its derivatives at the federal level. The 0.3% limit for delta-9 THC draws a thick line between hemp and marijuana. Unlike high-THC cannabis, hemp can be transported between states. Mar 31, 2021 · Delta-8 is a cannabis compound similar to THC, although less potent. It's become popular lately because it's legal in states where THC is illegal—sometimes. Learn all about delta-8. Jan 5, 2022 · Delta-8-THC, sometimes called "weed light," is openly being sold across Wisconsin in gummies, vape pens and pre-rolled joints. ... Weed gummies in states where Delta-9-THC is legal, like Illinois ... Feb 15, 2021 · Delta-8 is legal by federal law, but state hemp laws vary. In order for Delta-8 to be legal in a state, the state must have legalized hemp using a definition similar to the federal definition. State law must also remove hemp derivatives from it’s list of Controlled Substances. Most states have taken the steps necessary to legalize Delta-8 ... Delta-8 THC is a newly popular weed compound that's quasi-legal. The cannabinoid is less potent than regular THC, but it can still get you high. More research is needed to determine whether delta-8 could be used for medical benefits. Get the inside scoop on today’s biggest stories in business, from Wall Street to Silicon Valley — delivered ... Legality. Delta-8 THC, short for delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol, is a chemical found in the cannabis (AKA marijuana) plant. It's a psychoactive substance, but it is considered less psychoactive than other components of cannabis, such as delta-9 THC. Because it naturally occurs only in very small doses, it's usually manufactured from CBD.Jun 3, 2023 · Delta 8 THC is gaining interest for its euphoric, relaxing, and stimulating effects. There’s lots to know about Delta 8 THC, including its legal status in states like Tennessee. In this article we will break down what exactly Delta 8 THC is, whether or not it is legal in Tennessee, and lastly, how to select high-quality Delta 8 THC products. Jan 3, 2023 · November 8, 2021: The court granted Hometown Hero’s application for a temporary injunction. As a result, delta-8 is not classed as a controlled substance and businesses can legally sell hemp-derived delta-8 with less than 0.3% THC. This injunction lasts until the conclusion of the final trial of this case. .